Evolution and projection of the population pyramid in Ecuador, 2014-2034. Implications for the health system
Keywords:
demografía, salud, población, proyección, envejecimientoAbstract
Population pyramid analysis is a key tool for understanding demographic evolution and projecting its implications for the public health system. In Ecuador, changes in the age structure generate significant challenges in the planning and allocation of health resources. The aim of this research is to evaluate the evolution and projection of the population pyramid in Ecuador (2014-2034), its impact on access to health, the guarantee of rights and its relation with demographic transformations. A descriptive study was conducted with a quantitative and qualitative approach, using data from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), SciELO, Scopus and Google Scholar in the period 2020-2024, complemented with relevant publications from the classical literature. A narrowing trend was identified at the base of the population pyramid, due to the decrease in the birth rate, and an expansion in the middle and upper levels, reflecting the growth of the working-age and older adult population. This demographic change poses challenges for the health system, including the need to strengthen geriatric care, health coverage and the financial sustainability of the sector. The transformation of the population pyramid in Ecuador requires adaptive public health strategies, with a focus on prevention, comprehensive care and redistribution of resources to ensure the equity and sustainability of the health system.
Key Words: demographics, health, population, projection, aging
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Copyright (c) 2025 María José Guzmán Chango, Lisseth Abigail Chango Martínez, Lizbeth Isamar Vicente Andrade, Carlos Gustavo López Barrionuevo
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