Severe sepsis caused by odontogenic infection

Abstract

Introduction: Sepsis is a common condition associated with high mortality, whose most frequent origin in the face and neck area is the dental and periodontal structures, which can damage the maxillary bone near the tooth root; anatomically, it originates in the dental and periodontal tissues.

Objective: To describe the current state of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of septic shock secondary to odontogenic infections.

Method: A systematic bibliographic search was carried out, covering a period of ten years. The research focused on scientific databases through a rigorous and detailed review of relevant studies addressing issues related to this complication.

Development: Clinical characteristics include fever, confusion, a sense of anxiety, fatigue, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and general discomfort. Treatment is focused on rational and timely antibiotic therapy, the source control of the infection, resuscitating the patient, and maintaining proper organ function. To prevent these diseases, it is important to use various tests and technologies to prevent the worsening of infection due to caries and periodontal disease and its progression to the stages of advanced infection.

Conclusions: The specific clinical characteristics depend on the pathophysiological phase of the underlying disease, as the symptoms are usually nonspecific and require clinical suspicion that takes into account history and risk factors. The treatment of patients with septic shock generally aims at patient survival. Rigorous attention is required from oral health professionals, with prevention starting from suspicion.