Theca-lutein cyst in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Abstract

Introduction: A theca-lutein cyst is a type of cyst that forms in the ovary due to excessive stimulation of theca cells by gonadotropin hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Objective: To assess the clinical findings and follow-up of pregnant women who presented with a theca-lutein cyst.

Method: The clinical history is reviewed, and the case of a 37-year-old patient is presented. The diagnosis of a theca-lutein cyst was detected after follow-up imaging studies and human chorionic gonadotropin hormone determination.

Results: The cysts were allowed to develop spontaneously; they decreased as the pregnancy progressed, with complete regression after delivery. Most importantly, although these tumors represent less than 1% of gynecological tumors, they represent a life-threatening condition for women of reproductive age.

Conclusions: Luteal hyperreactivity is a rare, benign, self-limiting ovarian pathology, usually bilateral, associated with pregnancy. It is characterized by an enlarged uterus (an enlargement of both ovaries due to multiple cysts). The clinical and ultrasound appearance is similar to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The case presented was diagnosed accidentally, with spontaneous regression of the cysts. However, it is worth noting that their appearance and regression confer characteristics to this condition that recommend a conservative approach.