Diagnosis and treatment of sodium imbalances in critically ill patients
Keywords:
Bicornuate uterus, fertility, uterine anomalies, infertility, preterm birth.Abstract
Dysnatremia, one of the most frequent hydroelectric disorders in critically ill patients at the intensive care units, requires appropriate management to avoid serious consequences, such as morbidity and mortality. This article aims to update the diagnosis and treatment of dysnatremia. The search for information was based on a narrative review of articles from SciELO, Medigraphic, as well as guidelines, reviews, trials, and manuals published between 2018 and 2024. Conditions such as hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) and hypernatremia (>145 mEq/L) can cause serious neurological damage, including coma. It is recommended that the correction of hyponatremia in critically ill patients should not exceed 12 mEq/L in 24 hours, and in older adults no more than 10 mEq/L, to prevent complications. Adequate control is essential to optimize treatment and prevent fatal risks.
Downloads
References
Sánchez Díaz JS, Peniche Moguel KG, Martínez Rodríguez EA, Pérez Nieto OR, ZamarrónLópez EI, Monares Zepeda E. Disnatremias: un enfoque preciso, macizo y conciso. Med Crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.). 2021 [citado 24/05/2024];35(6):342-353. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2448-89092021000600342&lng=es
Tinawi M. Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia: A Practical Guide to Disorders of Water Balance. Arch Intern Med Res. 2020 [citado 06/05/2022];3(1):074-095. Disponible en: https://cdn.fortunejournals.com/articles/hyponatremia-and-hypernatremia-a-practical-guide-to-disorders-of-water-balance.pdf
Martín Navarro Juan A, Albalate Ramón M, Alcázar Arroyo R, de Sequera Ortíz P. Trastornos del Agua. Disnatremias. Nefrología al día. 2022 [citado 06/10/2023]. Disponible en: https://nefrologiaaldia.org/es-articulo-trastornos-del-agua-disnatremias-684
Vega Cabrera C, Rivas Becerra B, León Machado LM, Fernández-Juárez G. Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico de los trastornos del sodio. Medicine. 2023 [citado 09/08/2023];13(81):4809-4817. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304541223001610
Mejía Sandoval HJ, Castellanos Bueno R, Rangel Rivera DA, Rangel Rivera KL. Aspectos prácticos para la clasificación, diagnóstico y manejo de hiponatremia en el paciente hospitalizado. Méd UIS. 2020 [citado 06/08/2025];33(2):85-93. Disponible en: https://revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistamedicasuis/article/view/11522/11044
Parejas Zafra M. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Nivel de conocimiento sobre métodos anticonceptivos entre estudiantes de medicina humana del 1er al 3er año universidad señor de sipán 2021. [Tesis]. [Pimentel, Perú]:Universidad Señor de Sipán; 2021.44p. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uss.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12802/9703/Marlit%20Parejas%20Zafra.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
JGM Voets P, PJ Vogtländer N, AH Kaasjager K .Comprender la disnatremia. Clin MonitComput. 2020 [citado 09/05/2023];35(3):655-659. Disponible en: https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.translate.goog/articles/PMC8084789/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=es&_x_tr_pto=tc
Ceballos Guerrero M, Fernández-Cañadas Sánchez JM, de la Cal Ramírez MA, Muñoz Guillén NM. Alteraciones de Los Electrolitos en Urgencias. España: Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz; 2014 [citado 08/05/2023]. Disponible en: https://capacitacionesonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Alteraciones-de-los-electrolitos-en-urgencias.-Fisiopatologia-clinica-diagnostico-y-tratamiento.pdf
Albalate Ramóna M, Alcázar Arroyoa R, de Sequera Ortíz P. Trastornos del Agua. Disnatremias. España: Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor. Madrid; 2022 [citado 06/05/2023]. Disponible en: https://static.elsevier.es/nefro/monografias/pdfs/nefrologia-dia-363.pdf
Llanos Tenorio EJ, Guerrero Jaramillo SD, Díaz Cabrejos OA. Utilidad de la fórmula de Adrogué-Madias en la estimación del sodio alcanzado post fluidoterapia en pacientes quemados. Rev Cuerpo Méd.2018[citado 09/03/2023];11(3). Disponible en: https://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2020/03/1051830/rcm-v11-n3-2018_pag149-153.pdf
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Edisson Vladimir Maldonado Mariño, Alexander Javier Ramos-Velastegui, Mayra Alexandra López-Villagrán, Kevin René Lara Quinatoa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
ACCESS AND DISTRIBUTION POLICY
All published articles are open access contributions, which are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the primary source of publication is properly cited.
