Metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in the physiopathology of polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects a significant number of women of reproductive age. One of the most relevant pathophysiological elements in its development is insulin resistance, which not only contributes to ovarian dysfunction but also aggravates chronic systemic inflammation. This interaction perpetuates a vicious cycle between metabolic disorders and hormonal imbalances. The objective of this article is to explore in detail the role of insulin resistance in PCOS, from its contribution to the pathophysiology of the disease to its clinical implications. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalKey MDPI, NLM, and Scopus. In order to ensure the relevance and timeliness of the information, priority was given to articles published in the last five years. Recent research has highlighted the role of low-grade inflammation in exacerbating insulin resistance, suggesting that therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating inflammation could improve insulin sensitivity and, therefore, the symptoms of PCOS.This review incorporates current findings addressing both pathophysiological mechanisms and possible intervention strategies, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to improve patient prognosis.