Neuroemotional regulation of appetite. Neural and behavioral mechanism.

Abstract

Appetite control and emotional regulation are closely interconnected through neurobiological and psychobehavioral mechanisms that influence eating behavior. It has been shown that dysregulation in these systems can contribute to the development of metabolic and emotional disorders. The objective of this research is to describe the relationship between the emotional system and appetite regulation. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, evaluating studies on neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, as well as hormones involved in hunger and satiety, such as ghrelin and leptin. In addition, the influence of stress, anxiety, and depression on eating patterns was investigated. The findings suggest that neurochemical and hormonal dysregulation can alter the perception of hunger and satiety, which favors maladaptive eating behaviors. Likewise, the bidirectional relationship between emotional disorders and dysregulated eating is highlighted. It is concluded that integrative strategies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness, may be effective in improving emotional regulation and eating habits, and further studies are needed to optimize therapeutic approaches.