Diagnostics and prognostics biomarkers of neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases. Influence of the gut microbiota.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis, pose a significant challenge to public health due to their high incidence and lack of curative therapies. Identifying reliable biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and monitoring the progression of these diseases. In recent years, the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of central nervous system pathologies, through the gut-brain axis, has been demonstrated. This support, which connects the digestive system to the central nervous system through immunological, metabolic, and neuronal processes, could have an impact on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Microbiota-derived biomarkers, such as metabolites, microbiota products, and changes in microbiome composition, are presented as tools with great potential to increase diagnostic accuracy and anticipate the progression of these diseases. This analysis was based on a systematic and descriptive review of the most recent scientific studies with the aim of examining the connection between the intestinal microbiota and neurodegenerative pathologies, in addition to identifying the most relevant biomarkers for their diagnosis and prognosis. The findings highlight the importance of continuing research in this field to develop novel therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.

Keywords: microbiota, neurodegeneration, biomarkers, gut-brain axis, demyelination