Diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome metabólico. Metaanálisis
Palabras clave:
síndrome metabólico; resistencia a insulina; intervención en estilo de vida; farmacoterapia; cirugía bariátricaResumen
Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) es un conjunto de alteraciones metabólicas que aumentan el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2).
Objetivo: Exponer el estado actual sobre criterios diagnósticos y estrategias terapéuticas del Síndrome Metabólico.
Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de acuerdo a las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA 2020. El protocolo fue diseñado previamente e incluyó criterios explícitos de elegibilidad, métodos de búsqueda, selección, extracción y análisis estadístico. Al final se seleccionaron 34 referencias.
Resultados: El SM duplica el riesgo de ECV (RR 2,35; IC 95 % 1,98–2,79), infarto de miocardio (RR 1,99; IC 95 % 1,56–2,54), ictus (RR 2,27; IC 95 % 1,77–2,91), mortalidad total (1,58; IC 95 % 1,35–1,85) y mortalidad cardiovascular (RR 2,40; IC 95 % 1,90–3,03) y aumenta el riesgo de DM2 (Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2) cuatro veces (RR 4,00; IC 95 % 3,10–5,20). Las intervenciones de estilo de vida son las más efectivas para revertir el SM (OR 3,81; IC 95 % 2,65–5,48), seguidas de farmacoterapia (OR 1,59; IC 95 % 1,22–2,07) y cirugía bariátrica (resolución hasta 93 % de los pacientes; proporción 0,93; IC 95 % 0,85–0,97).
Conclusiones: El SM aumenta el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad; su manejo debe ser integral y escalonado, priorizando cambios de estilo de vida, con uso complementario de farmacoterapia y cirugía en casos seleccionados.
Palabras clave: síndrome metabólico, resistencia a insulina, intervención en estilo de vida, farmacoterapia, cirugía bariátrica.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Sulema de la Caridad Hernández Batista, Sonia Noemí González Benítez, María Teresa Díaz Armas, Alexander Expósito Lara
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