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Lesión de los músculos isquiotibiales
Resumen
Las lesiones de los músculos isquiotibiales están relacionadas con la práctica sistemática de actividades deportivas. El diagnóstico oportuno de las mismas así como el tratamiento temprano son claves para obtener un buen resultado. El objetivo de este trabajo es brindar información actualizada sobre los elementos más importantes de esta entidad traumática. La búsqueda y el análisis de la información se realizaron en el periodo desde el 1 de julio al 25 de noviembre de 2023. Se emplearon las siguientes palabras del idioma inglés: hamstring injury, hamstring avulsion, hamstring ruptura. A partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 402 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote. Se hace referencia a la presencia de factores de riesgo extrínsecos e intrínsecos, así como las divisiones de estos últimos. Se describen las formas de presentación clínica, así como los estudios imagenológicos más usados para el diagnóstico. Con relación al diagnóstico diferencial se describen un grupo de entidades relacionadas con la localización del dolor. Se mencionan las escalas para la evaluación de enfermos con esta afección y las modalidades de tratamiento, además las causas de fallo a la terapéutica, complicaciones y el retorno a la actividad deportiva. A manera de conclusión las lesiones de los músculos isquiotibiales son frecuentes en personas que practican de forma sistemática algún tipo de actividad física. El diagnóstico se basa en la presencia de dolor y limitación del movimiento articular.
Palabras clave: músculos isquiotibiales, roturas musculares, factores de riesgo, tratamiento conservador, complicaciones
Referencias
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